Tags · Evidence

risk of bias

Structured appraisal of internal validity.

83 topics 21 solved Group: Evidence

83 topics · page 2 of 3

Topic	Participants	Replies	Views	Activity
[2026 update] Confounding by indication, explained with a concrete example Evidence › Study critique observational data disputed risk of bias Confounding by indication, explained with a concrete example Writing it up because I had to work it out twice and would rather nobody else did. I have seen SURPASS-4 ( Lancet , 2021) cited in support of a…	+103	116	22k	5mo
Measurement error in a self-reported exposure Evidence › Study critique confounding risk of bias effect size disputed Solved Closed Posting this under the heading it deserves: Measurement error in a self-reported exposure Everything below is what sits behind that. Session topic: SURPASS-2 ( N Engl J Med , 2021). Please read it before…	+117	129	45k	5mo
Heterogeneity as information rather than as a nuisance Evidence › Meta-analyses heterogeneity risk of bias meta-analysis effect size Posting this under the heading it deserves: Heterogeneity as information rather than as a nuisance Everything below is what sits behind that. Session topic: SCALE ( N Engl J Med , 2015). Please read it before…	+88	95	1.2k	6mo
Journal club: the retatrutide phase 2 obesity paper Evidence › Journal club estimand number needed to treat journal club randomised trial Solved Journal club: the retatrutide phase 2 obesity paper — setting out what I have, and where I think it stops being reliable. I have seen FLOW ( N Engl J Med , 2024) cited in support of a claim I do not think it…	+7	11	33k	7mo
Selection into a registry and what it does to the estimate Evidence › Study critique risk of bias disputed observational data Selection into a registry and what it does to the estimate — setting out what I have, and where I think it stops being reliable. Session topic: STEP 4 ( JAMA , 2021). Please read it before posting; the…		2	55k	7mo
[2026 update] Conference abstracts as evidence: the weakest common citation Evidence › Preprints needs a source effect size preprint risk of bias Closed Conference abstracts as evidence: the weakest common citation — setting out what I have, and where I think it stops being reliable. Comparing STEP 4 ( JAMA , 2021) with SURMOUNT-4 ( JAMA , 2024) and finding…		2	48k	7mo
Tracking a preprint to publication: a worked example Evidence › Preprints preprint risk of bias needs a source Tracking a preprint to publication: a worked example Writing it up because I had to work it out twice and would rather nobody else did. Session topic: STEP 1 ( N Engl J Med , 2021). Please read it before…	+133	147	15k	7mo
Pooling trials with different estimands — what changed since Evidence › Meta-analyses publication bias risk of bias meta-analysis effect size Pooling trials with different estimands — what changed since — setting out what I have, and where I think it stops being reliable. Comparing STEP 4 ( JAMA , 2021) with SURPASS-4 ( Lancet , 2021) and finding…	+57	64	12k	7mo
What pooling buys you and what it destroys Evidence › Meta-analyses publication bias risk of bias meta-analysis heterogeneity Solved The question in the title: What pooling buys you and what it destroys I will give what I have already checked below so nobody repeats it. Comparing SURMOUNT-2 ( Lancet , 2023) with LEADER ( N Engl J Med ,…	+74	83	6.6k	8mo
A preprint whose numbers changed substantially at publication — what changed since Evidence › Preprints risk of bias effect size needs a source On the subject in the title: A preprint whose numbers changed substantially at publication — what changed since Working notes rather than a conclusion. Session topic: STEP 2 ( Lancet , 2021). Please read it…	+3	7	125	8mo
Journal club: how we handle discontinuation in obesity trials — what changed since Evidence › Journal club number needed to treat estimand risk of bias randomised trial Solved Journal club: how we handle discontinuation in obesity trials — what changed since — setting out what I have, and where I think it stops being reliable. Session topic: STEP 4 ( JAMA , 2021). Please read it…	+14	18	35k	8mo
Critiquing an observational claim about a class effect — one year on Evidence › Study critique observational data disputed risk of bias Pinned Critiquing an observational claim about a class effect — one year on — setting out what I have, and where I think it stops being reliable. I have seen LEADER ( N Engl J Med , 2016) cited in support of a claim…	+5	9	3.2k	8mo
Second pass at: Journal club: STEP 4 and what a withdrawal design can prove Evidence › Journal club number needed to treat risk of bias journal club effect size Second pass at: Journal club: STEP 4 and what a withdrawal design can prove Writing it up because I had to work it out twice and would rather nobody else did. Session topic: SURMOUNT-OSA ( N Engl J Med ,…	+81	90	54k	9mo
Journal club: indirect comparison between two programmes, defended and attacked — one year on Evidence › Journal club randomised trial risk of bias effect size estimand Posting this under the heading it deserves: Journal club: indirect comparison between two programmes, defended and attacked — one year on Everything below is what sits behind that. Comparing SURPASS-2 ( N…	+45	50	3k	9mo
Conference abstracts as evidence: the weakest common citation Evidence › Preprints risk of bias effect size needs a source On the subject in the title: Conference abstracts as evidence: the weakest common citation Working notes rather than a conclusion. Session topic: SURMOUNT-1 ( N Engl J Med , 2022). Please read it before…	+1	5	2k	9mo
Journal club: STEP-HFpEF and symptom endpoints — a second dataset Evidence › Journal club estimand risk of bias randomised trial journal club On the subject in the title: Journal club: STEP-HFpEF and symptom endpoints — a second dataset Working notes rather than a conclusion. Comparing SELECT ( N Engl J Med , 2023) with STEP 4 ( JAMA , 2021) and…	+11	15	4k	10mo
Reverse causation in a cohort study of weight and outcome — a second dataset Evidence › Study critique risk of bias observational data confounding Reverse causation in a cohort study of weight and outcome — a second dataset Writing it up because I had to work it out twice and would rather nobody else did. Session topic: SURMOUNT-OSA ( N Engl J Med ,…	+112	131	1.5k	10mo
Follow-up: Journal club: orforglipron phase 2 and the non-peptide question Evidence › Journal club randomised trial risk of bias effect size number needed to treat Posting this under the heading it deserves: Journal club: orforglipron phase 2 and the non-peptide question Everything below is what sits behind that. Session topic: SURMOUNT-4 ( JAMA , 2024). Please read it…	+80	91	10k	11mo
When a preprint is the best available evidence and we say so Evidence › Preprints risk of bias effect size preprint Solved When a preprint is the best available evidence and we say so — that is the question, and I have not found it answered plainly anywhere I have looked. I have seen SURPASS-2 ( N Engl J Med , 2021) cited in…	+148	160	31k	11mo
Journal club: STEP-HFpEF and symptom endpoints Evidence › Journal club journal club effect size estimand risk of bias Journal club: STEP-HFpEF and symptom endpoints — setting out what I have, and where I think it stops being reliable. Comparing SURMOUNT-2 ( Lancet , 2023) with SURMOUNT-1 ( N Engl J Med , 2022) and finding…	+18	22	2.5k	11mo
Criticising the method without criticising the authors — one year on Evidence › Study critique confounding effect size disputed risk of bias Solved Closed On the subject in the title: Criticising the method without criticising the authors — one year on Working notes rather than a conclusion. Session topic: STEP 2 ( Lancet , 2021). Please read it before posting;…	+16	20	61k	11mo
Immortal time bias in a claims-database study Evidence › Study critique risk of bias observational data disputed confounding Closed Immortal time bias in a claims-database study — setting out what I have, and where I think it stops being reliable. I have seen FLOW ( N Engl J Med , 2024) cited in support of a claim I do not think it…	+29	34	28k	11mo
The "under review" status pill and when a moderator applies it — a second dataset Evidence › Preprints needs a source risk of bias preprint effect size The "under review" status pill and when a moderator applies it — a second dataset Writing it up because I had to work it out twice and would rather nobody else did. I have seen SURPASS-4 ( Lancet , 2021)…	+50	54	1.4k	11mo
[2026 update] Journal club: is percentage weight change the right endpoint? Evidence › Journal club effect size risk of bias randomised trial Journal club: is percentage weight change the right endpoint? — that is the question, and I have not found it answered plainly anywhere I have looked. Comparing SURPASS-2 ( N Engl J Med , 2021) with…	+105	118	18k	11mo
Journal club: SURMOUNT-1, read without the press release Evidence › Journal club journal club estimand randomised trial number needed to treat Journal club: SURMOUNT-1, read without the press release Writing it up because I had to work it out twice and would rather nobody else did. Session topic: STEP 1 ( N Engl J Med , 2021). Please read it before…	+139	157	66k	12mo
Random versus fixed effects: choosing rather than defaulting Evidence › Meta-analyses effect size publication bias risk of bias heterogeneity Closed Random versus fixed effects: choosing rather than defaulting — setting out what I have, and where I think it stops being reliable. Session topic: FLOW ( N Engl J Med , 2024). Please read it before posting;…	+16	20	22k	13mo
Journal club: SURMOUNT-4 and continuation versus withdrawal — a second dataset Evidence › Journal club randomised trial risk of bias effect size estimand Posting this under the heading it deserves: Journal club: SURMOUNT-4 and continuation versus withdrawal — a second dataset Everything below is what sits behind that. Comparing STEP 8 ( JAMA , 2022) with FLOW…	+58	64	17k	13mo
Journal club: STEP 4 and what a withdrawal design can prove Evidence › Journal club randomised trial risk of bias effect size Solved On the subject in the title: Journal club: STEP 4 and what a withdrawal design can prove Working notes rather than a conclusion. Session topic: SURMOUNT-1 ( N Engl J Med , 2022). Please read it before…	+61	65	2k	13mo
Individual participant data versus aggregate data Evidence › Meta-analyses heterogeneity risk of bias meta-analysis publication bias Posting this under the heading it deserves: Individual participant data versus aggregate data Everything below is what sits behind that. Session topic: SCALE ( N Engl J Med , 2015). Please read it before…	+30	34	64k	14mo
When a preprint is the best available evidence and we say so — a second dataset Evidence › Preprints preprint risk of bias needs a source Solved When a preprint is the best available evidence and we say so — a second dataset I have a specific reason for asking rather than idle curiosity, and the context is below. I have seen SUSTAIN 6 ( N Engl J Med ,…	+20	24	36k	14mo