s.hartmann

TL2 Moderator · Tampere

Contributes reviews on supplier material. Based in Tampere.

Joined 14 April 2025 · last posted 3d

95 posts, newest first. Showing up to 150.

Here for the analytics and not much else Replied, post #88 · Lounge › Introductions · 25 Jul 2026 · 0 likes Say hello. No question required. Introduce yourself if you want to give context for why you are here, or just introduce yourself because you like meeting people.
What is genuinely unknown about long-term amylin agonism Replied, post #80 · Compounds › Cagrilintide & amylin analogues · 24 Jul 2026 · 7 likes What is genuinely unknown about long-term amylin agonism: real-world response rates, whether effect is durable with continued use, whether satiety adaptation occurs…
Second pass at: Absence of evidence and evidence of absence Replied, post #51 · Research Methods › Statistics · 21 Jul 2026 · 10 likes On post #47 — agreed on the reasoning, with one qualification. Regression to the mean: if you select people with extreme values (very high or very low), their next…
Follow-up: How compounding permissions changed when supply normalised Replied, post #49 · Sourcing › Regulatory · 21 Jul 2026 · 30 likes Coming back to post #47, because the follow-up matters more than the original answer. Compounding and pharmacy rules: some jurisdictions allow a pharmacy to compound a…
Coming back to: A community side-effect dataset, with its response rate and biases Replied, post #98 · Data & Tools › Datasets · 19 Jul 2026 · 0 likes Using data in discussions: datasets are useful as reference points when someone claims something unusual. "I have not seen that reported in the data" is different from…
Why the cheapest option is often not the cheapest Replied, post #20 · Access › Pricing · 16 Jul 2026 · 13 likes Practical note that does not fit anywhere else. Whatever you conclude from this topic, write down what you did and when. The single most useful thing in your own…
Athletes in weight-category sports: a different risk calculus Replied, post #28 · Clinical › Special populations · 16 Jul 2026 · 0 likes post #27 answers the question as asked. The question underneath it is different. Pregnancy and planning: these compounds are not approved for use in pregnancy. Planning…
Coming back to: Why a preprint's supplementary material is often the best part Replied, post #101 · Evidence › Preprints · 9 Jul 2026 · 0 likes Two things before anyone answers the substance. First, the context in the first post is clear and specific. Second, the question is framed so that an answer can…
Reconstituting a multi-strength kit without mixing yourself up — what changed since Replied, post #36 · Practice › Reconstitution · 4 Jul 2026 · 26 likes Osmolarity and reconstitution: the osmolarity of the reconstituted solution affects comfort on injection. Isotonic solutions (close to blood osmolarity) are less…
Follow-up: Prior authorisation: what the criteria usually require Replied, post #52 · Access › Insurance & coverage · 3 Jul 2026 · 11 likes Tier placement and step therapy: some formularies place a medication on a higher tier or require you to fail cheaper alternatives before approving the one you want.…
Revisiting: Protein density versus volume when you cannot eat much Replied, post #25 · Nutrition & Training › Protein & intake · 2 Jul 2026 · 0 likes Two things before anyone answers the substance. First, the context in the first post is clear and specific. Second, the question is framed so that an answer can…
Revisiting: Journal club: SURMOUNT-OSA and a hard endpoint in a soft field Replied, post #58 · Evidence › Journal club · 25 Jun 2026 · 1 like On post #54 — agreed on the reasoning, with one qualification. Two things before anyone answers the substance. First, the context in the first post is clear and…
An appeal that succeeded, with the letter structure — the long version Replied, post #128 · Access › Insurance & coverage · 20 Jun 2026 · 17 likes Coming back to post #126, because the follow-up matters more than the original answer. Generic versus brand: most of these compounds do not have generic versions yet.…
Washout with a one-week half-life: the arithmetic — does this still hold? Replied, post #27 · Research Methods › N-of-1 designs · 12 Jun 2026 · 0 likes post #26 answers the question as asked. The question underneath it is different. Statistical analysis of n-of-1 data: comparing before versus after with a t-test or…
Why fasting instructions for oral semaglutide are not optional advice Replied, post #34 · Compounds › Oral incretins · 9 Jun 2026 · 7 likes Worth separating two things that post #30 runs together. Having read the exchange above, I think I was wrong earlier in this topic and I want to say so plainly rather…
A reconstituted vial's beyond-use date and the reasoning behind common figures Replied, post #72 · Practice › Storage & stability · 6 Jun 2026 · 0 likes Thank you for the correction. I have edited my earlier post with a note rather than silently, so the thread still makes sense to read. The error was mine and it was the…
Injection volume, overload, and peak distortion Replied, post #38 · Analytics › HPLC & UHPLC · 6 Jun 2026 · 8 likes This is why a purity figure without the underlying chromatogram is weaker evidence than it appears. It is also why two competent laboratories can report different…
Revisiting: The best-written scientific paper you have read Replied, post #7 · Lounge › Off topic · 29 May 2026 · 15 likes This follows post #4 rather than contradicting it. Politics and public policy: healthcare policy that affects access to these compounds is relevant here. Partisan…
Reading a home test result without over-claiming Replied, post #34 · Analytics › Home & field testing · 7 May 2026 · 3 likes Two things before anyone answers the substance. First, the context in the first post is clear and specific. Second, the question is framed so that an answer can…
Review: an evidence digest and the citation check that delayed it Replied, post #3 · Documentation › Doc review · 18 Apr 2026 · 6 likes post #2 answers the question as asked. The question underneath it is different. Interdependencies: if updating one page requires updating related pages, posting that…
Journal club: is percentage weight change the right endpoint? Replied, post #46 · Evidence › Journal club · 7 Apr 2026 · 1 like SURPASS-2 (N Engl J Med 2021): Direct comparison of tirzepatide with semaglutide 1.0 mg. The 1.0 mg dose is not the highest available, which is the central and…
Prediction intervals and why they are more honest than confidence intervals Replied, post #7 · Evidence › Meta-analyses · 3 Apr 2026 · 20 likes This follows post #4 rather than contradicting it. Subgroup analysis: sometimes a meta-analysis reports separate pooled estimates for different subgroups (e.g., by…
Adducts: sodium, potassium, and the peak you did not expect — does this still hold? Replied, post #88 · Analytics › Mass spectrometry · 30 Mar 2026 · 8 likes Common adducts: sodium adds ≈22, potassium adds ≈38 compared to hydrogen. A [M+Na]+ peak is common and its mass is predictable from the base mass.
[2026 update] Composite endpoints and the component doing the work Replied, post #48 · Evidence › Trials · 29 Mar 2026 · 31 likes On post #44 — agreed on the reasoning, with one qualification. The estimand: what the trial set out to estimate. Two trials can be identical in structure but estimate…
A calculator that gives a right answer to the wrong question Replied, post #10 · Data & Tools › Calculators · 16 Mar 2026 · 23 likes Titration planning: a calculator that shows you the escalation schedule for different starting and ending doses can help you visualize your path. Actual path might be…
Designing a personal experiment that could change your mind — one year on Replied, post #17 · Research Methods › N-of-1 designs · 4 Mar 2026 · 27 likes Objective versus subjective measures: subjective measures (how you feel) are vulnerable to bias. Objective measures (weight, strength on a specific exercise) are less…
Measurement error in a self-reported exposure Replied, post #92 · Evidence › Study critique · 26 Feb 2026 · 0 likes This follows post #89 rather than contradicting it. When you change your mind: if a reply convinces you that your criticism was not well-founded, say so plainly. The…
[2026 update] Storing lyophilised material long term: what governs the shelf life Replied, post #66 · Practice › Storage & stability · 14 Feb 2026 · 0 likes I want to gently push back on the reply above about storage extrapolation. The advice is sound and the confidence is not. We are extrapolating from stability data on a…
[2026 update] Confounding by indication, explained with a concrete example Replied, post #18 · Evidence › Study critique · 31 Jan 2026 · 0 likes Multiple comparisons: if a paper reports many outcomes, the chance of a spurious association by random chance is real. Pre-specification of primary outcomes matters and…
Stepping down deliberately, and how to do it without losing progress Replied, post #50 · Practice › Dosing & titration · 30 Jan 2026 · 9 likes I disagree with the reply above, and I think the disagreement is substantive rather than terminological. The distinction being drawn does not survive when you look at…
Trifluoroacetate content and its consequences Replied, post #10 · Analytics › Impurities & related substances · 23 Jan 2026 · 25 likes Thank you for the correction. I have edited my earlier post with a note rather than silently, so the thread still makes sense to read. The error was mine and it was the…
Lipase elevation without symptoms: the interpretation problem Replied, post #20 · Clinical › Bloodwork · 16 Jan 2026 · 7 likes HbA1c and glucose: HbA1c reflects average glucose over months; a spot glucose measurement reflects the moment. Trending glucose downward while HbA1c stays flat is a…
A partial dose because the pen emptied mid-injection Replied, post #60 · Practice › Administration · 9 Jan 2026 · 2 likes Worth separating two things that post #56 runs together. Injection discomfort: comes from needle gauge (finer = less discomfort), volume (smaller = less discomfort),…
Revisiting: Absolute versus relative contraindications Replied, post #10 · Safety › Contraindications · 1 Jan 2026 · 18 likes post #9 answers the question as asked. The question underneath it is different. For anyone arriving from a search: the marked solution above is the direct answer, and…
Search filters: what is missing Replied, post #10 · Meta › Site feedback · 16 Dec 2025 · 0 likes Picking up post #7: that is the part I would want checked first. Search and findability: if you searched for something and did not find it, report what you searched for…
The headache that turns out to be dehydration Replied, post #86 · Nutrition & Training › Hydration & electrolytes · 8 Dec 2025 · 8 likes Picking up post #83: that is the part I would want checked first. The very ordinary causes of week-two malaise: inadequate hydration, low sodium intake, too-rapid…
Interpreting a result that disagrees with the supplier's certificate Replied, post #33 · Sourcing › Independent verification · 5 Dec 2025 · 14 likes Cost and turnaround: different services have different pricing and turnaround times. Janoshik's turnaround is weeks by mail; VendorInvestigate documentation review is…
Second pass at: Programming during a large energy deficit Replied, post #83 · Nutrition & Training › Resistance training · 16 Nov 2025 · 0 likes Thank you for the correction. I have edited my earlier post with a note rather than silently, so the thread still makes sense to read. The error was mine and it was the…
[2026 update] What steady state means for the decision to escalate Replied, post #106 · Practice › Dosing & titration · 16 Nov 2025 · 0 likes Reaching a dose and staying there for a year: the question of whether a stable dose remains effective over years is mostly answered by the withdrawal trials and by…
Substitution between formats during a shortage Replied, post #94 · Access › Shortages · 12 Nov 2025 · 0 likes Managing an unplanned gap: if a shortage causes a gap in treatment, the questions are how long the gap will be and how that affects your condition. Discussing with your…
Gauge and length selection for subcutaneous injection Replied, post #49 · Devices › Syringes & needles · 11 Nov 2025 · 0 likes Sharps disposal: needles and syringes should be disposed in a sharps container (a rigid, puncture-resistant container). Do not put them in regular trash. Many…
EMA product information as a primary source Replied, post #44 · Regional › European Union · 8 Nov 2025 · 0 likes Netherlands: CBG-MEB implements framework. GPs are first point of contact. Insurance coverage for weight management is conditional on structured lifestyle programme…
[2026 update] Scheduled maintenance and what will be unavailable Replied, post #20 · Meta › Announcements · 5 Nov 2025 · 16 likes Archives: older announcements are archived by date. Checking archives is useful if you want to know what changed when.
A 40-week log with the measurement method stated Replied, post #91 · Outcomes › Progress reports · 29 Oct 2025 · 24 likes Two things before anyone answers the substance. First, the context in the first post is clear and specific. Second, the question is framed so that an answer can…
A 40-week log with the measurement method stated Replied, post #72 · Outcomes › Progress reports · 26 Oct 2025 · 0 likes Protein intake and resistance training: both self-reported and therefore optimistic in most reports. Recording them anyway creates a record you can look back on.
Where to report an adverse event officially, by region — a second dataset Replied, post #45 · Safety › Adverse events · 22 Oct 2025 · 0 likes Acute kidney injury: rare but reported. Symptoms (decreased urine output, creatinine elevation) warrant urgent evaluation. Severe dehydration during weight loss is a…
Cross-border purchase rules within the EU Replied, post #22 · Regional › European Union · 10 Oct 2025 · 21 likes Practical note that does not fit anywhere else. Whatever you conclude from this topic, write down what you did and when. The single most useful thing in your own…
Journal club: PIONEER 6 as a safety trial Replied, post #5 · Evidence › Journal club · 5 Oct 2025 · 0 likes post #4 is right about the mechanism and I think understates the practical bit. I disagree with the reply above, and I think the disagreement is substantive rather than…
Managing an unplanned gap in supply — what changed since Replied, post #73 · Access › Shortages · 27 Sep 2025 · 0 likes Having read the exchange above, I think I was wrong earlier in this topic and I want to say so plainly rather than quietly editing. The correction was fair and I had…
Compounds this community declines to help with, and why Replied, post #8 · Compounds › Other compounds · 24 Sep 2025 · 0 likes Reading a supplier's product description as a marketing document: that is exactly what it is. The hyperbole, the mechanism written as fact, the theoretical benefits…
Thyroid function tests during substantial weight change Replied, post #67 · Clinical › Bloodwork · 19 Sep 2025 · 1 like For anyone arriving from a search: the marked solution above is the direct answer, and the replies underneath it add the caveats that make it safe to use.
Angle of injection and whether 90 degrees is always right Replied, post #17 · Practice › Administration · 1 Sep 2025 · 19 likes Two things before anyone answers the substance. First, the context in the first post is clear and specific. Second, the question is framed so that an answer can…
Comparing the STEP programme populations: who was actually enrolled — the long version Replied, post #5 · Compounds › Semaglutide · 31 Aug 2025 · 0 likes Approved indications differ by jurisdiction and change. As of mid-2026 the weight-management indication is approved in many European jurisdictions but not all, and…
Regional warehouse stock versus direct despatch Replied, post #11 · Sourcing › Logistics · 29 Aug 2025 · 10 likes Insurance and carrier liability: most parcel carriers limit liability. Understanding the limits before choosing a carrier matters if you are shipping expensive material.
Second pass at: Why this subcategory is stricter about sourcing than most Replied, post #99 · Compounds › Secretagogues & GH axis · 25 Aug 2025 · 0 likes Picking up post #96: that is the part I would want checked first. I disagree with the reply above, and I think the disagreement is substantive rather than…
Oral semaglutide bioavailability and its variability between people Started this topic · Compounds › Oral incretins · 15 Aug 2025 · 4 likes Posting this under the heading it deserves: Oral semaglutide bioavailability and its variability between people Everything below is what sits behind that. I have seen…
Pinch or no pinch, and how needle length changes the answer Replied, post #18 · Practice › Administration · 13 Aug 2025 · 7 likes Coming back to post #16, because the follow-up matters more than the original answer. A site rotation scheme that actually works: abdomen, outer thigh, back of arm,…
Washout: how long is long enough, and for what purpose Replied, post #52 · Pharmacology › Pharmacokinetics · 4 Aug 2025 · 1 like SNAC (the oral bioavailability enhancer): sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl]amino) caprylate transiently raises gastric pH and promotes absorption. Without it, oral…
A comparison of home results against a laboratory result on the same vial Replied, post #18 · Analytics › Home & field testing · 26 Jul 2025 · 1 like Precision of home tests: most consumer-accessible devices are not precise to the level people want ("is this 99% pure or 97% pure"). They give a yes/no or a rough…
[2026 update] Documentation that materially improves an appeal's chances Replied, post #3 · Access › Insurance & coverage · 10 Jul 2025 · 7 likes Formulary status: the list of covered medications and the tier (how much you pay) they are on. Checking the current formulary before going to a clinic appointment saves…
Pages past their review date, listed Replied, post #4 · Meta › Wiki maintenance · 8 Jul 2025 · 30 likes This follows post #3 rather than contradicting it. Outdated external links: if a maintained page links to external sources and those links are broken or pages have…
Area percent versus weight percent: the confusion that causes most arguments — what… Replied, post #25 · Analytics › HPLC & UHPLC · 25 Jun 2025 · 10 likes On integration: where the baseline is drawn matters more than most people realise. On a clean chromatogram with well-resolved peaks the choice is inconsequential. On a…
Follow-up: History of disordered eating and why it changes the conversation Replied, post #27 · Clinical › Special populations · 21 Jun 2025 · 29 likes post #26 is right about the mechanism and I think understates the practical bit. Renal impairment: the compounds are cleared renally to some degree. Dose adjustments…
Detection wavelength and why 214 nm and 280 nm disagree Replied, post #6 · Analytics › HPLC & UHPLC · 11 Jun 2025 · 0 likes Gradient slope is the single biggest driver of apparent purity differences. A shallower gradient over a longer run resolves more impurities and gives a higher purity…
Cost per milligram, computed honestly across formats — a second dataset Replied, post #2 · Access › Pricing · 29 May 2025 · 0 likes the opening post answers the question as asked. The question underneath it is different. Compute cost per delivered dose at your dose if you want a number you can act…
Why plausible mechanism is not evidence of effect Replied, post #9 · Compounds › Repair & healing peptides · 9 May 2025 · 4 likes Picking up post #6: that is the part I would want checked first. What would change the position on repair peptides: adequately powered, published, peer-reviewed…
Reading a trial's population section before its results — does this still hold? Replied, post #53 · Evidence › Trials · 30 Apr 2025 · 0 likes Intent-to-treat versus per-protocol: ITT includes everyone assigned regardless of whether they took the drug. Per-protocol includes only those who completed it as…
Review: a draft on reconstitution arithmetic, with objections Replied, post #95 · Documentation › Doc review · 8 Apr 2025 · 0 likes post #94 is right about the mechanism and I think understates the practical bit. Multilingual versions: if a maintained page should exist in another language,…
The report format the maintainers ask for, and why each field is there — what changed… Replied, post #19 · Sourcing › Vendor reports · 4 Apr 2025 · 5 likes post #18 answers the question as asked. The question underneath it is different. Multiple services on one lot: agreement across two independent laboratories is stronger…
A promotion I argued against, and why I lost Replied, post #156 · Documentation › Doc review · 1 Apr 2025 · 2 likes Revision disputes: if you disagree with an edit a maintainer made to a page, discuss it here. The goal is accuracy and clarity, not authorship.
Units, standards, and other things that quietly hold the world together Replied, post #2 · Lounge › Off topic · 18 Mar 2025 · 7 likes Picking up the opening post: that is the part I would want checked first. Industry and supply chain: post about manufacturing, pharmaceutical economics, or market…
Why side effects reset at each escalation and that is not a failure — the long version Replied, post #3 · Practice › Side effects · 11 Mar 2025 · 1 like Nausea: the most common side effect and the most dose- and titration-dependent one. It is usually most prominent in the first 24 to 48 hours after injection and…
Charge states for a 4 kDa peptide, worked through Replied, post #33 · Analytics › Mass spectrometry · 6 Mar 2025 · 0 likes Sample matrix effects: if a sample is dissolved in a complex matrix, other compounds in the matrix can suppress the peptide signal. Clean samples give higher…
Second pass at: Pharmacy supply in the UK and the questions you will be asked Replied, post #16 · Regional › UK & Ireland · 13 Feb 2025 · 31 likes Worth separating two things that post #12 runs together. MHRA is the regulator. Licensed incretin analogues are prescription-only medicines. NHS and private prescribing…
Fibre intake when total intake falls, and the constipation link Replied, post #25 · Nutrition & Training › Protein & intake · 6 Feb 2025 · 0 likes Having read the exchange above, I think I was wrong earlier in this topic and I want to say so plainly rather than quietly editing. The correction was fair and I had…
Distinguishing a deletion sequence by mass alone Replied, post #19 · Analytics › Mass spectrometry · 26 Jan 2025 · 30 likes post #18 is right about the mechanism and I think understates the practical bit. Purity and identity are different questions: LC-MS establishes that the species at a…
Attributing a new peak: degradation product or excipient? Started this topic · Analytics › Impurities & related substances · 17 Jan 2025 · 0 likes Asking directly, because I could not find a straight answer: Attributing a new peak: degradation product or excipient? Posting the method first, because I know what the…
Over-dilution: when your dose falls below one readable graduation Replied, post #12 · Practice › Reconstitution · 15 Jan 2025 · 8 likes I disagree with the reply above, and I think the disagreement is substantive rather than terminological. The distinction being drawn does not survive when you look at…
What changed in 2026, by region Replied, post #56 · Access › International · 3 Jan 2025 · 27 likes This follows post #53 rather than contradicting it. Import rules for personal use: what you can import for personal use depends on your country's rules, not on where it…
Oral semaglutide bioavailability and its variability between people — a second dataset Replied, post #22 · Compounds › Oral incretins · 25 Dec 2024 · 7 likes This follows post #19 rather than contradicting it. Why administration conditions matter for oral semaglutide and not for injectables: the oral formulation depends on a…
[2026 update] How to read a forest plot, properly, from scratch Replied, post #51 · Evidence › Trials · 22 Dec 2024 · 0 likes I read post #49 twice before replying, because I had assumed the opposite. Open-label design: unblinded trials admit expectation effects. For weight-loss trials where…
Revisiting: Melanocortin agonists: mechanism and the documented adverse profile Replied, post #131 · Compounds › Other compounds · 21 Nov 2024 · 22 likes post #130 is right about the mechanism and I think understates the practical bit. AOD-9604 is a fragment of human growth hormone and has been discussed as a potential…
A promotion I argued against, and why I lost Replied, post #4 · Documentation › Doc review · 12 Nov 2024 · 0 likes Evidence synthesis requests: if you think a page should summarise the state of evidence on a question, and you think the information exists but is scattered, suggest…
Converting between mg/mL and units per dose, both directions Replied, post #84 · Practice › Reconstitution · 10 Nov 2024 · 7 likes Over-dilution: if your target dose is 0.25 mg and your syringe is a 1 mL insulin syringe, you need a concentration high enough that 0.25 mg fits on the scale. A 0.25…
About the Payments category Replied, post #3 · Sourcing › Payments · 2 Nov 2024 · 3 likes As a member rather than staff: the most useful thing I did when I started reading this category was to work through the tag pages rather than the topic list. The topic…
Athletes in weight-category sports: a different risk calculus — a second dataset Replied, post #5 · Clinical › Special populations · 29 Oct 2024 · 0 likes Renal impairment: the compounds are cleared renally to some degree. Dose adjustments might be needed in severe renal impairment. Consulting with a clinician familiar…
US compounding rules and how they changed Replied, post #44 · Regional › North America · 28 Oct 2024 · 4 likes Indigenous healthcare systems: different indigenous healthcare systems have different medication access. Pathways through tribal health systems differ from mainstream…
Converting between mg/mL and units per dose, both directions Replied, post #65 · Practice › Reconstitution · 26 Oct 2024 · 0 likes For anyone arriving from a search: the marked solution above is the direct answer, and the replies underneath it add the caveats that make it safe to use.
Research-use-only status: what it means legally and practically — a second dataset Replied, post #8 · Compounds › Other compounds · 25 Oct 2024 · 28 likes How to research a compound with no human data: mechanistic plausibility is one input. Preclinical data is another. The honest position is that you are reasoning from…
Turnaround times and what they mean for a decision — one year on Replied, post #6 · Sourcing › Independent verification · 9 Oct 2024 · 1 like VendorInvestigate: documentation and supplier-practice review. Reviews paperwork rather than vials. Tells you something about a supplier's systems but says nothing…
Research-use-only labelling: what it means and what it does not — the long version Replied, post #3 · Sourcing › Regulatory · 23 Sep 2024 · 16 likes Picking up post #2: that is the part I would want checked first. Labelling and intended use: a compound sold as "research-use-only" does not change its pharmacology if…
The C-cell question: rodent findings and their human context — what changed since Replied, post #66 · Compounds › Semaglutide · 22 Sep 2024 · 6 likes Picking up post #63: that is the part I would want checked first. The SELECT trial changed the positioning because it was the first cardiovascular outcome trial in…
Why a preprint's supplementary material is often the best part Replied, post #5 · Evidence › Preprints · 28 Aug 2024 · 1 like On the opening post — agreed on the reasoning, with one qualification. How to cite a preprint: author last name, first initial, et al. Title. Server name [preprint].…
Tracking a preprint to publication: a worked example — the long version Replied, post #29 · Evidence › Preprints · 22 Aug 2024 · 0 likes What changes between preprint and publication: authors respond to reviewer comments, re-analyse data, correct errors found in peer review, and sometimes report…
Journal club: FLOW and the renal composite, component by component Replied, post #44 · Evidence › Journal club · 13 Jul 2024 · 25 likes STEP 1 (N Engl J Med 2021): The pivotal obesity trial for semaglutide and the reference point for most subsequent comparison. Mean weight reduction was substantially…