j.iyer

TL2 Moderator · Essen

Contributes reviews on supplier material. Based in Essen.

Joined 12 July 2025 · last posted 10d

93 posts, newest first. Showing up to 150.

What to bring: records that a clinician can actually use Replied, post #6 · Clinical › Prescriber conversations · 18 Jul 2026 · 1 like I read post #4 twice before replying, because I had assumed the opposite. Having read the exchange above, I think I was wrong earlier in this topic and I want to say so…
Reading order for a first week here, and what to skip until later — what changed since Replied, post #41 · Start Here › Welcome · 14 Jul 2026 · 19 likes Two things before anyone answers the substance. First, the context in the first post is clear and specific. Second, the question is framed so that an answer can…
Second pass at: When your prescriber and the evidence disagree Replied, post #49 · Clinical › Prescriber conversations · 12 Jul 2026 · 0 likes Asking about monitoring: understand what lab work will be done, how often, and what you will be monitored for. A plan is better than ad-hoc monitoring.
Revisiting: Why the absence of controlled human data on BPC-157 matters more than people… Replied, post #19 · Compounds › Repair & healing peptides · 8 Jul 2026 · 6 likes Analytical identity of BPC-157: a 15-residue peptide with an unambiguous mass (≈1419.5 Da). Identity confirmation by LC-MS is trivially easy, which means there is no…
Why retatrutide discussion here is more cautious than elsewhere — one year on Replied, post #31 · Compounds › Retatrutide · 2 Jul 2026 · 7 likes I read post #29 twice before replying, because I had assumed the opposite. Glucagon receptor agonism seems paradoxical in a weight-loss compound because glucagon raises…
What consumer-accessible tests can and cannot determine — a second dataset Replied, post #44 · Analytics › Home & field testing · 1 Jul 2026 · 4 likes Thank you for the correction. I have edited my earlier post with a note rather than silently, so the thread still makes sense to read. The error was mine and it was the…
Carryover and the ghost peak from last week's standard — what changed since Replied, post #93 · Analytics › HPLC & UHPLC · 1 Jul 2026 · 7 likes Picking up post #90: that is the part I would want checked first. Reversed-phase separates on hydrophobicity. A peptide is retained on a non-polar stationary phase and…
Named, unnamed and unspecified impurities as regulatory categories — the long version Replied, post #34 · Analytics › Impurities & related substances · 29 Jun 2026 · 0 likes I read post #32 twice before replying, because I had assumed the opposite. Truncation products: fragments from incomplete synthesis or from degradation. They elute…
Does dual agonism explain the effect size, or is it dose? Replied, post #67 · Compounds › Tirzepatide · 28 Jun 2026 · 0 likes Having read the exchange above, I think I was wrong earlier in this topic and I want to say so plainly rather than quietly editing. The correction was fair and I had…
Carryover and the ghost peak from last week's standard — what changed since Replied, post #78 · Analytics › HPLC & UHPLC · 27 Jun 2026 · 14 likes Having read the exchange above, I think I was wrong earlier in this topic and I want to say so plainly rather than quietly editing. The correction was fair and I had…
A site rotation scheme that is easy enough to actually follow Replied, post #96 · Practice › Administration · 23 Jun 2026 · 15 likes A site rotation scheme that actually works: abdomen, outer thigh, back of arm, outer hip. Rotate through them in order, move a minimum 2 cm between consecutive sites,…
Submitting a sample: the process end to end Replied, post #32 · Sourcing › Independent verification · 22 Jun 2026 · 3 likes This follows post #29 rather than contradicting it. Thank you for the correction. I have edited my earlier post with a note rather than silently, so the thread still…
When a dose reduction is the correct response to a side effect Replied, post #22 · Practice › Dosing & titration · 20 May 2026 · 2 likes The four-week escalation interval is a convention from the pivotal trials, not a pharmacological constant. The pharmacological argument is that with a week-long…
Coming back to: Washout: how long is long enough, and for what purpose Replied, post #140 · Pharmacology › Pharmacokinetics · 13 May 2026 · 6 likes On post #136 — agreed on the reasoning, with one qualification. Two things before anyone answers the substance. First, the context in the first post is clear and…
Follow-up: Tirzepatide and nausea: is the profile genuinely different or just… Replied, post #34 · Compounds › Tirzepatide · 9 May 2026 · 6 likes Dual agonism versus dose: how much of tirzepatide's effect is the GIP component and how much is simply achieving higher receptor engagement? The honest answer is that…
What a certificate commits its issuer to — the long version Replied, post #3 · Analytics › COA interpretation · 25 Apr 2026 · 26 likes post #2 is right about the mechanism and I think understates the practical bit. Reading old certificates: if a certificate is dated years ago, the lot it describes…
Stability of BPC-157 in solution: what has been measured — one year on Replied, post #33 · Compounds › Repair & healing peptides · 6 Apr 2026 · 31 likes Two things before anyone answers the substance. First, the context in the first post is clear and specific. Second, the question is framed so that an answer can…
Follow-up: State-level differences that actually matter Replied, post #47 · Regional › North America · 6 Apr 2026 · 1 like Coming back to post #45, because the follow-up matters more than the original answer. Provincial formularies in Canada are published and are the correct source for…
Revisiting: Drawing up with one needle and injecting with another Replied, post #59 · Practice › Administration · 6 Apr 2026 · 2 likes For anyone arriving from a search: the marked solution above is the direct answer, and the replies underneath it add the caveats that make it safe to use.
Grapefruit: why this class is not the class that cares Replied, post #82 · Practice › Interactions · 26 Mar 2026 · 5 likes Picking up post #79: that is the part I would want checked first. Insulin interaction: semaglutide and tirzepatide are not contraindicated with insulin but the…
Residual solvents and scavengers: what is looked for — what changed since Replied, post #20 · Analytics › Impurities & related substances · 25 Mar 2026 · 12 likes Two things before anyone answers the substance. First, the context in the first post is clear and specific. Second, the question is framed so that an answer can…
The "under review" status pill and when a moderator applies it Replied, post #15 · Evidence › Preprints · 11 Mar 2026 · 7 likes Preprints for speed: some important preliminary findings are posted as preprints to disseminate quickly. That speed is useful but comes at the cost of not yet having…
An ABAB design with a data table and honest limitations — a second dataset Replied, post #23 · Research Methods › N-of-1 designs · 28 Feb 2026 · 8 likes Sample size in n-of-1: you are the sample. Repeated measurements (weekly weighings, daily mood scores) increase the power to detect a real effect even though n=1.
A plateau that disappeared when I changed how I measured — the long version Replied, post #10 · Outcomes › Progress reports · 21 Feb 2026 · 28 likes This follows post #7 rather than contradicting it. Measurement noise: day-to-day body mass varies by more than a kilogram on hydration, glycogen, and gut contents…
Personal import allowances, compared — a second dataset Replied, post #72 · Access › International · 20 Feb 2026 · 14 likes Licensed prescribing: where a compound is approved, prescribing is restricted to licensed prescribers. Where it is not approved, the legality of possession and use is…
Seven-day rolling means and why weekly readings mislead — one year on Replied, post #73 · Outcomes › Progress reports · 17 Feb 2026 · 0 likes Having read the exchange above, I think I was wrong earlier in this topic and I want to say so plainly rather than quietly editing. The correction was fair and I had…
Common supplements people ask about, assessed one at a time — a second dataset Replied, post #48 · Practice › Interactions · 8 Feb 2026 · 0 likes Separation timing versus clinically important interaction: a separation timing inconvenience (taking one medication 2 hours before or after another) is not the same as…
Trifluoroacetate content and its consequences Replied, post #105 · Analytics › Impurities & related substances · 8 Feb 2026 · 0 likes Deletion sequences (incomplete coupling during synthesis): lower in mass by one residue. Chromatographically they usually elute earlier or later depending on the…
Half-life, steady state, and accumulation worked through — a second dataset Replied, post #73 · Pharmacology › Pharmacokinetics · 1 Feb 2026 · 11 likes Fasting requirement for oral semaglutide: food and large fluid volumes reduce absorption. The fasting window (30 minutes before and 30 minutes after) is designed to…
Price changes over 2025 and 2026, tabulated and dated — does this still hold? Replied, post #73 · Access › Pricing · 27 Jan 2026 · 31 likes post #72 answers the question as asked. The question underneath it is different. Pharmacy acquisition cost: a pharmacy pays less than the patient pays, even at…
Heterogeneity as information rather than as a nuisance Replied, post #78 · Evidence › Meta-analyses · 27 Jan 2026 · 2 likes Number needed to treat from a meta-analysis: can be computed from the pooled estimate if the baseline risk is specified. More interpretable than pooled relative effects.
[2026 update] What a good consultation looks like from the other side Replied, post #12 · Clinical › Prescriber conversations · 18 Jan 2026 · 16 likes Coming back to post #10, because the follow-up matters more than the original answer. Two things before anyone answers the substance. First, the context in the first…
Specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, range, robustness — with real criteria — a… Replied, post #54 · Analytics › Method validation · 11 Jan 2026 · 7 likes This follows post #51 rather than contradicting it. For anyone arriving from a search: the marked solution above is the direct answer, and the replies underneath it add…
Which panel is worth repeating and which is worth ignoring — a second dataset Replied, post #45 · Clinical › Bloodwork · 6 Jan 2026 · 3 likes Thank you for the correction. I have edited my earlier post with a note rather than silently, so the thread still makes sense to read. The error was mine and it was the…
Request: export my own posts — one year on Replied, post #29 · Meta › Feature requests · 2 Jan 2026 · 5 likes Duplicate requests: if several people request the same feature, the requests often get merged. Check whether your feature has already been suggested before posting.
Early satiety becoming a problem rather than a benefit Replied, post #11 · Practice › Side effects · 27 Nov 2025 · 24 likes Delayed gastric emptying: the mechanism behind much of the gastrointestinal side-effect profile. At extreme magnitudes, severe gastroparesis is a rare but serious…
Sequence verification for an obscure compound: how it is done — what changed since Replied, post #70 · Compounds › Other compounds · 25 Nov 2025 · 3 likes How to research a compound with no human data: mechanistic plausibility is one input. Preclinical data is another. The honest position is that you are reasoning from…
Robustness: the parameters worth deliberately varying Replied, post #18 · Analytics › Method validation · 24 Nov 2025 · 6 likes I read post #16 twice before replying, because I had assumed the opposite. Precision and repeatability: within-run and between-run variability of the method. Acceptance…
Revisiting: Why tirzepatide titration schedules have more steps than semaglutide's Replied, post #100 · Compounds › Tirzepatide · 18 Nov 2025 · 9 likes Half-life difference: tirzepatide is about 5 days versus semaglutide's week-long. Practically, that means steady state is reached slightly faster and the post-dose…
Coverage in the US: a map of the usual obstacles Replied, post #11 · Regional › North America · 15 Nov 2025 · 0 likes This follows post #8 rather than contradicting it. Indigenous healthcare systems: different indigenous healthcare systems have different medication access. Pathways…
What pooling buys you and what it destroys Replied, post #61 · Evidence › Meta-analyses · 8 Nov 2025 · 1 like Two things before anyone answers the substance. First, the context in the first post is clear and specific. Second, the question is framed so that an answer can…
Second pass at: The mass-error checker and its intended scope Replied, post #47 · Data & Tools › Calculators · 25 Oct 2025 · 14 likes Why calculators are not medical advice: they do arithmetic. Medical decisions are not arithmetic. A calculator that says a certain dose is "compatible with" a certain…
SURMOUNT-4 and what withdrawal data does and does not tell an individual — one year on Replied, post #49 · Compounds › Tirzepatide · 21 Oct 2025 · 0 likes post #48 is right about the mechanism and I think understates the practical bit. For anyone arriving from a search: the marked solution above is the direct answer, and…
Why catalogue breadth is not evidence of anything — what changed since Replied, post #56 · Compounds › Other compounds · 27 Sep 2025 · 0 likes How to research a compound with no human data: mechanistic plausibility is one input. Preclinical data is another. The honest position is that you are reasoning from…
Pages past their review date, listed Replied, post #31 · Meta › Wiki maintenance · 14 Sep 2025 · 6 likes Authority: if you think a page needs input from someone with specific expertise, suggesting that person helps the maintainer recruit contributors.
Can a home kit substitute for a laboratory report? A careful no Replied, post #10 · Analytics › Home & field testing · 11 Sep 2025 · 2 likes I read post #8 twice before replying, because I had assumed the opposite. Having read the exchange above, I think I was wrong earlier in this topic and I want to say so…
Second pass at: LOD and LOQ: definitions people get wrong Replied, post #41 · Analytics › Method validation · 10 Sep 2025 · 0 likes For anyone arriving from a search: the marked solution above is the direct answer, and the replies underneath it add the caveats that make it safe to use.
[2026 update] What the GIP component of tirzepatide is thought to contribute, and how… Replied, post #108 · Compounds › Tirzepatide · 18 Aug 2025 · 16 likes SURMOUNT-4 used a randomised withdrawal design: everyone titrated, then those on maintenance were randomised to continue or placebo. Continuation maintained effect;…
When a preprint is the best available evidence and we say so Replied, post #66 · Evidence › Preprints · 17 Aug 2025 · 16 likes Server repositories: medRxiv for medicine, bioRxiv for biology. Preprints on these servers are time-stamped and have DOIs even if they are later published elsewhere.…
Revisiting: Why a compound being unapproved is not the same as being illegal to possess Replied, post #70 · Sourcing › Regulatory · 5 Aug 2025 · 4 likes Preclinical versus clinical: compounds with strong preclinical data can fail in clinical trials. Compounds with no human data are being used on theoretical grounds. The…
"Should I double up?" — answered once, at length, calmly Replied, post #7 · Practice › Administration · 17 Jul 2025 · 0 likes Cold solution and stinging: warming the vial in your hands for a minute before injection reduces the stinging sensation substantially. This is the simplest thing to try…
Follow-up: Why the titration planner refuses to produce a schedule below a floor Replied, post #45 · Data & Tools › Calculators · 7 Jul 2025 · 3 likes Worth separating two things that post #41 runs together. Why calculators are not medical advice: they do arithmetic. Medical decisions are not arithmetic. A calculator…
Journal club: SURMOUNT-4 and continuation versus withdrawal — a second dataset Replied, post #57 · Evidence › Journal club · 24 Jun 2025 · 4 likes On post #53 — agreed on the reasoning, with one qualification. Two things before anyone answers the substance. First, the context in the first post is clear and…
Repeatability versus intermediate precision Replied, post #27 · Analytics › Method validation · 20 Jun 2025 · 20 likes System suitability: injections run at the start of a batch to establish that the instrument and column are performing. Acceptance criteria typically include replicate…
Tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS programme, summarised honestly Replied, post #96 · Compounds › Tirzepatide · 28 May 2025 · 0 likes SURPASS-2 compared tirzepatide with semaglutide 1.0 mg, the licensed diabetes dose at that time. It did not compare with semaglutide 2.4 mg, the highest approved dose.…
A claim built entirely on a subgroup analysis Replied, post #57 · Evidence › Study critique · 26 May 2025 · 1 like Building consensus on which criticisms matter: if everyone agrees that the sample size is small but only you think that affects the conclusion, maybe your criticism is…
Travel coolers and how long they really hold — the long version Replied, post #8 · Devices › Cold chain · 20 May 2025 · 25 likes post #7 is right about the mechanism and I think understates the practical bit. Light protection: avoid direct sunlight and UV exposure. Amber vials or opaque…
How Janoshik, Medutest, PeptideMeter and VendorInvestigate differ Replied, post #97 · Sourcing › Independent verification · 15 May 2025 · 15 likes Picking up post #94: that is the part I would want checked first. Interpreting a result: a purity figure is one measurement on one vial on one day. Agreement across two…
What SELECT changed about how semaglutide is discussed, and what it did not Replied, post #101 · Compounds › Semaglutide · 2 May 2025 · 5 likes Coming back to post #99, because the follow-up matters more than the original answer. The SELECT trial changed the positioning because it was the first cardiovascular…
Follow-up: Tesamorelin has an approved indication — what that changes about the evidence Replied, post #48 · Compounds › Secretagogues & GH axis · 23 Apr 2025 · 0 likes Having read the exchange above, I think I was wrong earlier in this topic and I want to say so plainly rather than quietly editing. The correction was fair and I had…
Reconstituting a multi-strength kit without mixing yourself up Replied, post #61 · Practice › Reconstitution · 23 Apr 2025 · 0 likes The decimal-point error: computing 5 mg / 2 mL as 0.25 mg/mL instead of 2.5 mg/mL is the most common arithmetic error in this subcategory. The habit that catches it:…
Delayed gastric emptying and oral medication absorption: which drugs matter Replied, post #50 · Practice › Interactions · 16 Apr 2025 · 26 likes Alcohol: no absolute contraindication but it raises gastrointestinal irritation risk and this drug class already does that. The conservative position during titration…
Requesting a page: what makes a good request Replied, post #59 · Documentation › Wiki requests · 16 Apr 2025 · 31 likes post #58 answers the question as asked. The question underneath it is different. Scope creep: if you think a page is attempting too much and should be split into…
Validating a calculator against hand arithmetic — what changed since Replied, post #11 · Data & Tools › Calculators · 10 Apr 2025 · 5 likes Coming back to post #9, because the follow-up matters more than the original answer. Offline use: all calculators are written in JavaScript and can be downloaded and…
Follow-up: Review cadence: how often is a page actually re-checked? Replied, post #3 · marked as the solution · Documentation › Doc review · 6 Apr 2025 · 7 likes Citation checking: if a maintained page cites a paper, the citation should match what the paper actually says. If you notice a mismatch, post it here.
Talking to a therapist about this specifically — does this still hold? Replied, post #39 · Wellbeing › Mental health · 3 Apr 2025 · 0 likes post #38 answers the question as asked. The question underneath it is different. Body image and weight loss: large weight loss changes a person's relationship with…
Adducts: sodium, potassium, and the peak you did not expect Replied, post #49 · Analytics › Mass spectrometry · 29 Mar 2025 · 28 likes Having read the exchange above, I think I was wrong earlier in this topic and I want to say so plainly rather than quietly editing. The correction was fair and I had…
When "no data" is the complete and final answer Replied, post #131 · Compounds › Other compounds · 28 Mar 2025 · 30 likes Picking up post #128: that is the part I would want checked first. I disagree with the reply above, and I think the disagreement is substantive rather than…
Second pass at: Cross-border purchase within the EU: the actual rules Replied, post #121 · Access › International · 24 Mar 2025 · 30 likes Language barriers: if you need to communicate with a supplier, clinician, or regulator in a language not your first language, misunderstanding is possible. Clarify when…
Retatrutide dose escalation in the published trials Replied, post #27 · Compounds › Retatrutide · 19 Mar 2025 · 29 likes post #26 answers the question as asked. The question underneath it is different. Phase 2 sample sizes are not adequate for safety characterisation of a novel triple…
One lot is one lot: when a report becomes a pattern — the long version Replied, post #143 · Sourcing › Vendor reports · 19 Mar 2025 · 27 likes post #142 answers the question as asked. The question underneath it is different. Blind submission is worth the effort: have someone else relabel the sample so neither…
Validating a method you did not develop — does this still hold? Replied, post #135 · Analytics › Method validation · 19 Mar 2025 · 22 likes Forced degradation studies: deliberately stress the material with acid, base, oxidant, heat, light to generate degradation products and demonstrate that the method can…
One lot is one lot: when a report becomes a pattern — the long version Replied, post #46 · Sourcing › Vendor reports · 16 Mar 2025 · 0 likes post #45 is right about the mechanism and I think understates the practical bit. Multiple services on one lot: agreement across two independent laboratories is stronger…
Follow-up: What other technical communities get right that we do not Replied, post #34 · Lounge › Off topic · 8 Mar 2025 · 0 likes Worth separating two things that post #30 runs together. Adjacent and interesting: you might post something about nutrition, bioavailability from a food perspective, or…
Cost per milligram, computed honestly across formats — the long version Replied, post #23 · Access › Pricing · 3 Mar 2025 · 27 likes Coming back to post #21, because the follow-up matters more than the original answer. Having read the exchange above, I think I was wrong earlier in this topic and I…
Consistent declarations and why they matter more than clever ones Replied, post #79 · Sourcing › Logistics · 24 Feb 2025 · 22 likes Packaging integrity on arrival: if a parcel arrives with compromised packaging, that is evidence of a handling problem in transit. The contents may or may not be…
Semaglutide half-life: where the 165 to 184 hour figure comes from — what changed since Replied, post #100 · Compounds › Semaglutide · 5 Feb 2025 · 9 likes The opalescent appearance in semaglutide solutions is occasionally noted and the mechanism is unclear. It does not appear to correlate with product failure in practice.…
A promotion I argued against, and why I lost Replied, post #73 · Documentation › Doc review · 25 Jan 2025 · 6 likes Review of promoted topics: when a topic is nominated for promotion to a maintained documentation page, the draft is posted here. Community review happens before…
Amylin analogue mechanism: satiety signalling separate from GLP-1 Replied, post #53 · Compounds › Cagrilintide & amylin analogues · 20 Jan 2025 · 3 likes What is genuinely unknown about long-term amylin agonism: real-world response rates, whether effect is durable with continued use, whether satiety adaptation occurs…
Identical chromatograms across two different lots Replied, post #72 · Sourcing › Red flags · 5 Jan 2025 · 1 like Having read the exchange above, I think I was wrong earlier in this topic and I want to say so plainly rather than quietly editing. The correction was fair and I had…
Molecular mass of semaglutide and why the figure differs between sources — does this… Replied, post #71 · Compounds › Semaglutide · 23 Dec 2024 · 23 likes On post #67 — agreed on the reasoning, with one qualification. Practical note that does not fit anywhere else. Whatever you conclude from this topic, write down what…
[2026 update] Journal club: SURPASS-2 and the semaglutide 1 mg comparator Replied, post #56 · Evidence › Journal club · 10 Dec 2024 · 11 likes TRIUMPH (ongoing): Retatrutide phase 3. No results yet. Nothing should be attributed to it because it has not finished. When it does, this discussion will return to it.
Washout with a one-week half-life: the arithmetic Replied, post #92 · Research Methods › N-of-1 designs · 9 Dec 2024 · 7 likes Coming back to post #90, because the follow-up matters more than the original answer. Confounding in personal experiments: other things change when you start a…
Coming back to: Reading a meta-analysis you disagree with, fairly Replied, post #3 · Evidence › Meta-analyses · 5 Dec 2024 · 14 likes Coming back to the opening post, because the follow-up matters more than the original answer. Having read the exchange above, I think I was wrong earlier in this topic…
Why "any advice?" is the least effective ending for a post Replied, post #106 · Start Here › How to Ask · 4 Dec 2024 · 6 likes Avoid "any advice?" at the end. It is so generic that people do not know which part of the post it refers to. Pick the specific part and ask that specific question…
Revisiting: Moderation log format change Replied, post #44 · Meta › Announcements · 27 Nov 2024 · 22 likes Questions welcomed: if an announcement is unclear, asking for clarification is welcome. Staff will explain their reasoning.
EMA product information as a primary source — does this still hold? Replied, post #27 · Regional › European Union · 15 Nov 2024 · 11 likes On post #23 — agreed on the reasoning, with one qualification. EMA is the regulator with national implementation. Licensed incretin analogues are prescription-only…
How to ask for a dose change without antagonising anyone — what changed since Replied, post #30 · Clinical › Prescriber conversations · 4 Nov 2024 · 0 likes Discussing side effects: be specific. "Nausea" is less useful than "I have nausea worst 24 to 36 hours after injection, severity 2 to 3 out of 4, stable over weeks".…
Promotion criteria, and the one that stops most nominations Replied, post #64 · Documentation › Doc review · 18 Sep 2024 · 8 likes post #63 answers the question as asked. The question underneath it is different. Evidence synthesis requests: if you think a page should summarise the state of evidence…
When a red flag was a misunderstanding, and the retraction Replied, post #18 · Sourcing › Red flags · 17 Sep 2024 · 0 likes post #17 is right about the mechanism and I think understates the practical bit. I disagree with the reply above, and I think the disagreement is substantive rather…
Cold packs, phase-change material, and what survives ten days Replied, post #128 · Sourcing › Logistics · 21 Jul 2024 · 0 likes Cold packs and temperature control: inclusion of cold packs at despatch is standard. Whether they maintain temperature through transit depends on journey duration and…
Splitting a weekly dose in two: the pharmacokinetic argument against — the long version Replied, post #81 · Practice › Dosing & titration · 9 Jul 2024 · 3 likes post #80 is right about the mechanism and I think understates the practical bit. For anyone arriving from a search: the marked solution above is the direct answer, and…
Second pass at: Journal club: LEADER as the historical anchor Replied, post #2 · Evidence › Journal club · 4 Jul 2024 · 12 likes PIONEER 6 (N Engl J Med 2019): Cardiovascular safety trial for oral semaglutide, not efficacy. Non-inferiority for safety was met. The trial was not designed to…